The Autobiography of Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-She-Kia-Kiak, or Black Hawk

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The Autobiography of Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-She-Kia-Kiak, or Black Hawk is the memoir of the Sauk leader Black Hawk. It is one of the first Native American autobiographies and provides a firsthand account of Indigenous resistance against U.S. expansion. The book was dictated by Black Hawk and translated by an interpreter before being transcribed by John B. Patterson.

Black Hawk recounts his life, the customs of his people, and his conflicts with the U.S. government, especially the events leading to the Black Hawk War of 1832. He describes his struggles to defend his tribe's land and sovereignty in the face of increasing American encroachment.

This autobiography is a rare Indigenous perspective on American history, providing a powerful counter-narrative to the dominant U.S. accounts of westward expansion. It remains an essential work for understanding Native American resistance, cultural survival, and the devastating impact of colonial policies.