Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterial infection that causes tuberculosis, or TB. Though it can affect other regions of the body as well, it mostly affects the lungs. Evidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been discovered in mummies that date back thousands of years. TB is an ancient disease that has afflicted humans for generations. When an infected individual coughs or sneezes, the bacterium spreads through the air and can infect others who breathe in the contaminated air. Not every TB patient develops symptoms; others have latent TB, in which the bacteria is present but does not show any signs. However, latent tuberculosis (TB) can become active when the immune system deteriorates, resulting in symptoms like fever, exhaustion, chronic cough, and weight loss. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health concern, especially in underdeveloped nations where access to healthcare resources is restricted. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been pushing for early detection, appropriate treatment, and preventative measures in an effort to effectively control and eradicate tuberculosis. Antibiotics are typically administered in combination over the course of several months, and it is imperative that patients finish the entire course of treatment in order to stop the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Notwithstanding advancements, obstacles include co-infection with HIV, medication resistance, and socioeconomic variables impede global attempts to eliminate tuberculosis.