Partial Differential Equations and Group Theory: New Perspectives for Applications

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The formal theory of systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) was developed by D.C. Spencer in the U.S.A. during 1960–1975; it studies the solution spaces of systems of PDEs without especially integrating them. It also allows the study of Lie pseudogroups, i.e. groups of transformation solutions of systems of PDEs. Although this work supersedes the classical approaches of M. Janet and E. Cartan, it is still largely unknown by mathematicians and has never been used by physicists. This book provides a self-contained introduction to these methods, with illustrations and specific examples coming from many branches of physics, the engineering sciences and applied mathematics. The algorithms involved are presented in a way that allows the use of computer algebra for the intrinsic study of nonlinear PDEs. The book also for the first time presents the group-theoretical unification of the finite element methods for elasticity, heat and electromagnetism. The book contains the material of an intensive course which has been given many times with much success throughout Europe, and can be used for a one-year course at graduate level. For researchers in mathematics, mathematical physics, computer algebra, control theory and theoretical mechanics.