In Creating an Islamic City: Beirut, Jihad, and the Sacred, Rana Mikati examines for the first time the role and contribution of Beirut to the Umayyad and early Abbasid caliphates. This book traces the transformation of Beirut from a Byzantine metropolis to a place of riba?, weaving previously unpublished archaeological material and narrative sources. By examining Beirut's transformation into a frontier town, the rise of a scholarly community around the Syrian jurist al-Awza'i (d. 157/773-774), and its integration in an Islamic sacred landscape, Creating an Islamic City shows how a provincial frontier town was integrated and participated in the early caliphate.