Urban Area of Toliara

Spatial planning is crucial for modern states, particularly in Madagascar, where it aims to organize space while taking into account the needs of populations and economic, social, and environmental constraints. In Toliara, rapid population growth (2.42% per year) generates challenges such as unemployment and poverty, making it necessary to relaunch planning policies, centered on decentralization and regional integration. This thesis explores how these policies can promote the sustainable development of Toliara, formulating two hypotheses: decentralization can improve resource management and regional integration can reduce territorial disparities. The objectives include analyzing the role of local authorities and proposing appropriate planning strategies. The adopted methodology combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, with particular attention to public policies. Toliara is facing rapid urbanization, requiring integrated planning to develop sustainable infrastructure and strengthen local governance.