The work aims to analyse the educational and protectionist rights guaranteed to children and adolescents, to demonstrate the status of fundamental rights and social rights of the population in focus, to describe the system of guarantees elaborated for them, emphasizing the integrality, the peculiarity and the centrality of the child/adolescent person and the consequent instrumentality of the public powers, analyse the main norms that guarantee the right to education in the CF, the ECA and the LDB, aims to present a vision of what has become the minorist legal system, with the introduction in the legal system of the doctrine of integral protection and demonstrates the legal foundations for the realisation of the rights of children and adolescents in Brazil.