The original essays in this volume continue the collective exploration of the texts attributed to Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans in the Hellenistic and Imperial times, initiated in the same series in 2021. The topics covered in these largely understudied texts written by unknown authors range from monistic onto-theology and the nature of the universe to law, political philosophy, ethics, the proper way to live and the unification of man. The focus here is on the role of the most influential of these authoritative texts in the preparation of both the Neopythagorean revival of the first century BC, especially in Rome, and the new developments encountered in the Platonic tradition, from Alexandrian Middle Platonism down to post-Plotinian Neoplatonism.