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In recent research on natural processes, mathematical modeling has become useful. It is often the case that, in fields such as economics and biology, a temporal lag between cause and effect must often be taken into consideration. A natural and practical implementation of this phenomenon is through distributed delays in modeling. This is because they illustrate the situation where temporal lags arise in certain ranges of values for certain related probability distributions, considering the variables' entire behavior history. Another mathematical tool that allows for systems' memory and inherited properties to be encompassed in a model is the replacement of integer-order derivatives with fractional derivatives. To address realistic conditions, stochastic perturbation framed by a stochastic differential delay system can explain the ambiguity about the system's context. The present book comprises all the 14 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue "Advances in Differential Dynamical Systems with Applications to Economics and Biology, 2nd Edition" of the MDPI journal Mathematics, with focuses on the dynamical analysis of mathematical models arising from economy and biology, and innovative developments in mathematical techniques for their applications. We expect that the international scientific community will find this collection of research papers influential and that they will spur additional investigations on diverse applications concerning dynamical systems in all scientific areas.
