India, the country of villages in which study on socio-economic status of rural population has been one of the important themes of Social Sciences. India’s transformation over last more than half of the century has had a profound effect on every part of the economy as well as society. The present study is mainly based on empirical evidence of field survey of a village Dewatu of Jodhpur district from western Rajasthan and explores the real picture of village economy in India. The book is divided in four section; first section is introductory part, second section discuss some changing macro-economic indicators of India as well as the village Dewatu while third presents broad micro-economic analysis of the village and fourth is the summary of conclusions. To conclude, it may be stated that certain changes have taken place in level of literacy & education, occupation & employ-ability, income & income sources, housing & amenities, irrigation and other infrastructural facilities in the villages but still far behind as compare to nation’s average in all respects. I hope, this research will help the scholars to study in this field as well as for policy design to improvements of villages.