Although the prevalence of HCV- antibodies in patients with lung cancer was shown to be significantly higher than healthy individuals in Egypt, the development of lung cancer is probably a multifactorial process and in patients with lung cancer, anti- HCV positivity alone may not be sufficient evidence for a causal relation between HCV infection and lung cancer. It is worth while to investigate the impact of the relatively high incidence of HCV in Egypt whether in causing hepatic or extreahepatic malignancy. More work is relatively needed to investigate the possibility of association of lung cancer and other extrahepatic malignancy with HCV and HBV infection.