Genetic diversity plays a very important role in survival and adaptability of a species because when a species’s environment changes, slight gene variations are necessary to produce changes in the organism’s anatomy that enables it to adapt and survive. This book, therefore, provides an idea on molecular markers such as RAPD, ISSR and SSR technologies to detect genetic diversity of the selected medicinal plants. The advantages of molecular markers for the generation of genetic linkage maps and molecular analysis in plants have been established extensively within a short span of their inception as an efficient marker system. Their widespread use has served as a considerable genomic resource for plant breeder’s providing them with an array of suitable tools for a range of target applications such as analysis of genetic diversity. Knowledge of population genetic diversity is one of the prerequisites for development of plant species conservation strategies. In the case of wild species that represent genetic resources for cultivated plants, an understanding of their genetic diversity is essential as they are the source of genetic material that are used to improve elite varieties.