L. J. Vicat’s investigations into the nature and use of limes first appeared in this English language edition in 1837 translated by Captain J. T. Smith, with the inclusion of extensive notes on developments in England at that time. Vicat’s work is of immense interest and importance as it critically reviews the practices of time, sifting the good ones from the bad by careful experiment. In addition he was able to take developments in lime a stage further, describing very simple procedures which would make it possible to assess the nature of lime from any deposit encountered. The classification which he prepared is still valid today and enables the best possible use to be made of any lime, particularly for hydraulic works. Despite being first published over 100 years ago, this is a very readable volume, and it will not just be of interest to conservation professionals and construction historians but everyone involved in the use of lime in buildings.