This book is a collection of papers to which seven senior members of the British Association of Psychotherapists have contributed. Each essay discusses a problem or impasse the author has encountered in the course of her clinical work with mainly borderline and severely traumatized patients. In this context the writers have all chosen those psychoanalytic concepts, mainly from the Independent psychoanalytic theories but also when appropriate those from Kleinian, Post-Kleinian, Contemporary Freudian and American contributions, that they found useful for the understanding of their patients’ often painful psychic states they have brought to therapy. The implications for the transference and countertransference as they have evolved during the treatment process and their technical handling of them are discussed.