This is the 4th edition of the paradigm-shifting text that created the concept of client-centered lawyering. The new edition explains and illustrates fact-gathering and decision-making strategies for civil litigators, criminal defense lawyers and transactional lawyers in the contexts of individual clients, first time and repeat players, joint clients, organizational clients, and clients whose cultural backgrounds differ from those of their lawyers. No matter the context, the new edition continues its predecessors’ commitment to a legal culture in which caring lawyers use their knowledge, experience and judgment to empower clients to make satisfactory decisions.