Congress has supported a wide range of research, development, and production incentives for new domestic energy sources for several decades, as part of an overall commitment to reduce imported petroleum and, in the case of auto-mobiles, raise fuel-efficiency levels. The Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program is one such incentive program at the Department of Energy (DOE). This book discusses the history of the program, outlines the projects receiving loans, discusses some of the key issues, and reviews the U.S. motor vehicle industry’s involvement.