William Raphael

A painter, art educator, and medical illustrator, William Raphael (1833?1914) was the first Jewish artist to establish a professional practice in Canada. Active during the latter half of the nineteenth century, Raphael made a name for himself as a portraitist, painting the likenesses of some of Quebec's most prominent politicians, businessmen, and military figures. He further excelled at genre scenes, and his works are celebrated for their important documentation of Indigenous communities, urban life, leisure activities, and architecture in Canada before and after Confederation.

In William Raphael: Life & Work, author Pierre-Olivier Ouellet traces the artist's career from his early years in Prussia and his training in Berlin to his time in Quebec. The book details how after Raphael moved to Montreal in 1857, he met the famed photographer William Notman (1826?1891) and worked for him painting sets and colourizing photographs. This early career connection helped to situate Raphael within the province's burgeoning cultural scene and made him a key figure in the formation of the Art Association of Montreal in 1860.

Raphael's unparalleled contributions to the visual folklore of Quebec have strengthened our understanding of nineteenth-century Canada. Combining realism with a picturesque sensibility, his portraits and depictions of daily life and civic spaces captured the spirit of an emerging country. Today, Raphael's paintings hang in the nation's leading institutions, including the National Gallery of Canada, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, and the Vancouver Art Gallery.