This book provides a comprehensive exploration of how microgravity-a condition of near-weightlessness experienced in space-profoundly impacts terrestrial biological systems. Drawing from decades of spaceflight experiments, cutting-edge laboratory research, and emerging biotechnological applications, Effects of Microgravity on Terrestrial Born Biological Systems delves into the fundamental ways gravity, or the lack thereof, influences life at cellular, molecular, and systemic levels. The book opens with an introduction to the role of gravity in biological evolution and development, establishing a baseline for understanding how life on Earth has adapted to a 1g environment. Subsequent chapters detail how exposure to microgravity disrupts this baseline, leading to observable changes in cell morphology, cytoskeletal structure, gene expression, protein synthesis, and metabolic pathways. Special attention is given to immune system dysregulation, wound healing, stem cell behavior, and the altered progression of diseases such as cancer under microgravity conditions. Additionally, the book explores the impact of microgravity on the human microbiome and its implications for long-duration space missions. The influence of microgravity on microorganisms is also discussed in the context of antibiotic resistance, pathogenicity, and microbial community dynamics. These insights are crucial for both astronaut health and planetary protection protocols. Beyond the confines of spaceflight, the book emphasizes how microgravity research has catalyzed innovation in regenerative medicine, biomanufacturing, and disease modeling. The final sections address the translational potential of microgravity studies, particularly for developing new therapeutic strategies and advanced tissue engineering techniques. Aimed at scientists, biomedical engineers, space medicine professionals, and students, this book bridges the gap between space biology and Earth-bound applications, highlighting the importance of understanding biological adaptation in extreme environments.
