This collection of 20 essays, of which five are in French, written by leading English and French literary and historical scholars, deconstructs the ethical and political framework supporting and circumscribing the actions of a powerful elite in France between the early 1600s and the final years of Louis XIV’s reign. Reflecting a diversity of individual concerns, the essays, which offer a radical double questioning of the absolute values in which were founded the authority of Church, King and nobility, have been divided into two interrelated parts in acknowledgement of the complex tensions between codes of behaviour and political practice in the different theatrical spaces of government in the real and imaginary world. The dual political and moral theme of this study is not new, but it is one which has always been highly regarded by historians and literary specialists alike. It is in fact one of the classics of 17th century studies, the one to which critics must always return, and to which students must always address themselves, in they are to comprehend the intellectual core of 17th-century French studies. A substantial introduction, by Elizabeth Woodrough, brings out the main theme of both the book and the century. The individual essays which follow examine various aspects of power politics on and off the stage, when civil war and personal ambition remained a threat to the crown, and on the morality of action as formulated by those who, taking little or no part in it, were best qualified to judge motivation, and who include many of the finest writers of the day.