In this provocative study, policy-savvy scholars examine a wide range of cases - from North Korea to South Africa to El Salvador and Bosnia - to demonstrate the power of incentives to deter nuclear proliferation, prevent armed conflict, defend civil and human rights, and rebuild war-torn societies. The book addresses the moral hazard of incentives, the danger that they can be construed as bribes, concessions, or appeasement. The cases demonstrate that incentives can sometimes succeed when traditional methods - threats, sanctions, or force - fail or are too dangerous to apply.