The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime and Difference in Late Modernity

Traces the rapid structural and cultural changes in industrialized society and relates them to increases in crime and general incivility. The author charts the move, in 30 years, from an inclusive society of stability and homogeneity to an exclusive society of change and division - where blame is apportioned to vulnerable sections of the community. This exclusion of members of society is explored on three levels: economic exclusion from the labour market; social exclusion between people in civil society; exclusion in the criminal justice system and private security. The author proposes a theory based on these concepts of citizenship.