This book brings together theoreticians and experimentalists in nonlinear science to find an agenda for research directions of the future. Three themes have been selected, which seem particularly relevant to the future development of nonlinear science: neural systems; spatially extended systems and pattern formation; applications to biology, physics and engineering. Nonlinear Dynamics has been successful in explaining complicated phenomena in well-defined low-dimensional systems. Now it is time to focus on real-life problems that are high-dimensional or ill-defined, for example, due to delay, spatial extent, stochasticity, or the limited nature of available data. How can one understand the dynamics of such systems? In a series of thirteen chapters this book tries to assess what the future holds for Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos. The central question is ‘Where do we go from here?’ The chapters address one or more of the broad and interconnected main themes, neural and biological systems, spatially extended systems, and experimentation in the physical sciences. The authors offer suggestions as to what they see as the way forward, often in the form of open questions for future research.