The Explanation of Organic Diversity: The Comparative Method and Adaptations for Mating

The comparative method of studying adaptation seeks general patterns in the adaptations of many species. This method has been practised by biologists since Aristotle, but it has never been developed to be as rigorous as the experimental method. The first half of this book attempts to show how the comparative method can be improved if only independent trials of evolutionary hypotheses are counted. The techniques of cladistic taxonomy can be used to recognize these independent evolutionary events. The second half of the book applies these methods to two questions about sexual behaviour: precopulatory mate guarding, and homogamy of size. In so doing the mating habits of groups not previously reviewed are considered - crustacea and arachnids.