This writing seeks to situate Louis Althusser’s writings in the educational historical conditions of the emergence of the so-called Theories of Reproduction . By going beyond this contextualization, the aim is to broaden the notion of Education, understanding it as the processes of production of knowledge that are part of Human Formation. In this journey, it is important to locate Louis Althusser’s discourse in the Marxian tradition to conclude whether it participates in an epistemic or ontological posture in the processes of knowledge production. The authors of the Marxist tradition are present, but Louis Althusser’s writings are imposed as the main source of a critical scrutiny that aims to relate the State, Politics, and especially the understanding of Education. Although the main objective of this work is not a comparison between Althusser and Marx, this does not detract from the importance of the textual sources of the German philosopher and his readers. This text is not intended to exhaust the questions raised by Louis Althusser’s reading of educational aspects, but to broaden the reception of the writings of this philosopher in Brazil.