Providing a fundamental introduction to the use of micro-electromechanical techniques for the design and fabrication of biomedical devices, this work discusses miniaturization through optical, fluidic, biological, and/or nanoscale methods. It begins with basic microfabrication techniques and the micropatterning of biomolecules, polymers, and cells. It then discusses microfluidic, lab-on-a-chip, and cell-based approaches. The author also covers cell biology, tissue engineering, implants and sensors, and emerging applications, such as microfluidics foundries, plug-and-play devices, and self-assembled nanodevices. The text includes text boxes for definitions, design challenges, and reading assignments.