Francis of Assisi is counted among the most important personalities of history. The life and ideals of this humble, semiliterate medieval monk have had a shaping influence on the Christian church that has spilled over into Western culture at large. This biography by Lawrence Cunningham looks anew at Francis’s life and legacy, seeking to counter efforts to romanticize him yet without diminishing his deep piety or abiding significance. Pursuing a realistic view of the saint, Cunningham argues against common stereotypes that sentimentalize Francis as a blesser of animals, as a church rebel, or as a precursor of the spirituality movement. According to Cunningham, really seeing Francis required the lens of theology rather than the lens of quaint spirituality so often used. Francis was a devoutly orthodox Catholic whose life must be understood as a response to reforming elements abroad in the church of his day. Francis’s originality derived from his success in articulating the ideal gospel life : his message and actions were a kind of acting out of the scriptures.