Through a detailed examination of the collaborative efforts of Jewish labour in these three cities, this work reveals the multi-layered and unique position of Jewish workers in the labour market. It shows how various factors such as economic change, political upheaval and state intervention, as well as anti-Semitism, all affected the pace of integration. The comparative approach enables conclusions to be drawn that highlight the similarities as well as the differences between the efforts of Jewish workers to improve their lot in France, Britain and Holland.