The province of Egypt provides archaeological and documentary evidence for the study of the Roman army. This social history examines the economic, cultural, social and legal aspects of a military career, describing the life and role of the individual soldier in the army and reassessing the impact of the Roman army on local societies. The soldiers are seen not as an isolated elite living in fear of the local populations, but as relatively well integrated into local communities. The unsuspected scale of the army’s involvement in these communities offers an insight into both Roman rule in Egypt and Roman imperialism more generally.