This work explores the development and classroom application of hardware and software for primary mathematics. The authors: review available software (including data handling programs, Logo and control, ILS, maths adventures and drill-and-practice software) and consider why these have not gained wider acceptance amongst teachers; consider pedagogy and best practice in mathematics, rather than the structures imposed by technology; provide examples of ways in which ICT can be integrated into the mathematics curriculum and look at possible new directions in educational software, hardware and resources. The authors also take account of the National Numeracy Framework.