Kinship is a key area in anthropology. This introductory text takes into account the changes in the conceptualization of kinship brought about by new reproductive technologies and the growing interest in culturally specific notions of personhood and gender. It considers the extent to which overridingly Western assumptions have guided anthropological study of kinship in the past. In the process, it reveals a growing sensitivity on the part of anthropologists to individual ideas of personhood and gender, and encourages further critical reflection on cultural bias in approaches to the subject.